Corneal Perforation associated with "Silent Brain Syndrome" / Perfuração corneana associada à "síndrome do cérebro silencioso"

ABSTRACT This case report describes the clinical characteristics and ophthalmic management of a patient who developed corneal perforation due to severe enophthalmos consistent with "silent brain syndrome." A 27-year-old man with a history of congenital hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal shunt was referred with complaints of "sinking of the eyeballs" and progressively decreasing vision in the left eye. Examination revealed severe bilateral enophthalmos in addition to superonasal corneal perforation with iris prolapse in the left eye. The patient underwent therapeutic keratoplasty the next day. Orbital reconstruction with costochondral graft and shunt revision of the intracranial hypotension were performed the next month to prevent further progression.

RESUMO Este relato de caso descreve as características clínicas e o manejo cirúrgico de um paciente que teve perfuração da córnea devido à enoftalmia grave consistente com a "síndrome do cérebro silencioso". Um homem de 27 anos com história de hidrocefalia congênita e derivação ventrículo-peritoneal foi encaminhado com queixas de "afundamento dos globos oculares" e diminuição progressiva da visão no olho esquerdo. O exame revelou enoftalmo bilateral importante, além de perfuração superonasal da córnea com prolapso iriano no olho esquerdo. A paciente foi submetida à ceratoplastia terapêutica no dia seguinte. Foi realizado no mês seguinte a reconstrução da órbita com enxerto costocondral e revisão do shunt para evitar progressão e piora do caso.

Queratoplastia en perforación corneal / Keratoplasty in corneal perforation

RESUMEN La perforación corneal es una emergencia médica que por su gravedad puede poner en peligro la integridad del globo ocular. Se informan los resultados en una serie de 25 pacientes y sus 25 ojos con perforación corneal de diversas etiologías, los cuales constituyen el mayor porcentaje de pacientes con queratopatía herpética a quienes se les realizó queratoplastias primarias terapéuticas, así como dos retrasplantes ópticos, en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras". El 83,4 por ciento de los ojos fueron conservados con agudeza visual desde 0,05 a 0,8 con corrección óptica(AU)

ABSTRACT Corneal perforation is a medical emergency whose severity may jeopardize the integrity of the eyeball. Results are presented of a series of 25 patients and their 25 eyes with corneal perforation of varying etiologies. This group constitutes the largest percentage of patients with herpetic keratopathy undergoing primary therapeutic keratoplasties. Two of them underwent optical retransplantation at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital. Of the total eyes, 83.4 percent were preserved, with a visual acuity of 0.05 to 0.8 with optical correction(AU)

Recubrimiento conjuntival en afecciones corneales / Conjunctival flap in corneal diseases

Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia del recubrimiento conjuntival en afecciones corneales. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal, entre los años 2015 y 2017 en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer. La muestra quedó conformada por 52 pacientes quienes asistieron a la consulta externa del Servicio de Córnea de la mencionada institución. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino con el 63,5 por ciento de los pacientes. El grupo etario comprendido entre los 50 y 59 años de edad representó el 26,9 por ciento. Entre las afecciones corneales, el mayor porcentaje correspondió al descemetocele (30,8 por ciento), seguido de las úlceras corneales (23,1 por ciento). La técnica más empleada fue el recubrimiento conjuntival total representada por el 46,2 por ciento de las cirugías realizadas. El 80,8 por ciento de los casos evolucionó a la cicatrización corneal. La complicación más frecuente fue la retracción del colgajo (9,6 por ciento). Conclusiones: Los recubrimientos conjuntivales resultan un simple y eficaz procedimiento quirúrgico en pacientes que no responden a tratamiento médico o perforaciones corneales menores o iguales a 3 mm. Es un procedimiento extraocular que puede realizarse de urgencia para disminuir el dolor y la inflamación y puede ser revertido para realizar cirugías con fines visuales en un segundo tiempo(AU)

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the conjunctival flap to treat corneal diseases. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from 2015 to 2017 at "Ramon Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. The sample was made up of 52 patients who went to the outpatient Service of the Corneal Department of the institution. Results: Males represented 63.5 % of patients. The 50-59 y group represented 26.9 percent. Among the corneal diseases, descemetocele exhibited the highest percentage (30.8 percent) followed by corneal ulcers (23.1 percent). The most used surgical technique was the total conjunctival flap in 46.2 percent of surgeries. 80.8 percent of patients evolved into corneal scarring. The most frequent complication was flap retraction (9.6 percent). Conclusions: The conjunctival flaps represent a simple and effective surgical procedure in patients who do not respond to medical treatment or in corneal perforations equal or under 3 mm. This is an extraocular procedure that may be performed in emergency in order to release pain and inflammation and may be reversed later to perform surgeries aimed at visual problems(AU)

Síndrome da ceratomalácia (Corneal Melting) periférica na artrite psoriásica tratada com adalimumabe / Peripheral corneal melting syndrome in psoriatic arthritis treated with adalimumab

RESUMOA síndrome do corneal melting periférica é uma rara condição imune caracterizada por afinamento da margem da córnea e, às vezes, perfuração. Está associada a doenças reumáticas e não reumáticas. Poucos casos de síndrome do corneal melting periférica foram relatados em pacientes com psoríase. A patogênese não foi completamente entendida, mas as metaloproteinases podem ter papel patogênico. A terapia Anti-TNF diminuiu os níveis de metaloproteinases na pele e no sangue em psoríase. Reportamos o caso de um homem de 61 anos com síndrome do corneal melting periférica associada à artrite psoriásica que recebeu adalimumabe para controlar a inflamação na pele e no olho. Pelo que sabemos, este é o primeiro caso de síndrome do corneal melting periférica em artrite psoriática tratado com adalimumabe mostrando evolução nas lesões cutâneas e cura total da perfuração da córnea em três meses.

ABSTRACTPeripheral corneal melting syndrome is a rare immune condition characterized by marginal corneal thinning and sometimes perforation. It is associated with rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases. Few cases of peripheral corneal melting have been reported in patients with psoriasis. The pathogenesis is not fully understood but metalloproteinases may play a pathogenic role. Anti-TNF therapy has shown to decrease skin and serum metalloproteinases levels in psoriasis. We report a 61-year-old man with peripheral corneal melting syndrome associated with psoriatic arthritis who received adalimumab to control skin and ocular inflammation. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of peripheral corneal melting syndrome in psoriatic arthritis treated with adalimumab showing resolution of skin lesions and complete healing of corneal perforation in three months.